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No. PlainVM manages virtual machines but ships no operating systems, images, licences or product keys. You supply your own Linux ISO or disk image, your own macOS .ipsw restore image, and your own licensed Windows installation media. 不包含。PlainVM 只负责管理虚拟机，不附带任何操作系统、镜像、许可证或产品密钥。你需要自备 Linux ISO 或磁盘镜像、macOS .ipsw 恢复镜像，以及已获授权的 Windows 安装介质。

No. Apple’s Virtualization framework virtualises the host architecture — it does not emulate a different one. On Apple silicon you need arm64 / aarch64 guest images. Using an amd64 / x86_64 ISO typically looks like a machine that starts and then immediately shuts down again. 不能。Apple Virtualization 框架只虚拟化与宿主机相同的架构，不做跨架构模拟。在 Apple 芯片上必须使用 arm64 / aarch64 镜像。误用 amd64 / x86_64 ISO 的典型现象是：显示已启动，但很快自动关机。

Check the image architecture first (see above). If the architecture is right and you are booting from a kernel, check the kernel arguments: the default is console=hvc0 root=/dev/vda, but if your root filesystem lives on the first partition rather than on the whole disk, it needs to be root=/dev/vda1. 请先确认镜像架构（见上一条）。若架构正确且使用内核引导，请检查内核参数：默认为 console=hvc0 root=/dev/vda；如果根文件系统位于第一个分区而非整块磁盘，需要改为 root=/dev/vda1。

PlainVM runs in the macOS App Sandbox, so it can only open files you picked yourself. If a file was moved, renamed, or lives on a volume that was disconnected, the stored permission no longer resolves. Open the machine’s detail view and select the file again — that restores access. PlainVM 运行在 macOS 沙盒中，只能打开你亲自选择过的文件。如果文件被移动、改名，或所在卷曾被断开，已保存的访问授权就会失效。在虚拟机详情页重新选择一次该文件即可恢复访问。

Not in the standard build. Bridged networking requires a restricted entitlement that Apple grants case by case, so PlainVM ships with NAT networking, which lets guests reach the internet and your Mac. NAT is the right choice for almost every use. 标准版本不支持。桥接网络需要 Apple 逐案审批的受限 entitlement，因此 PlainVM 提供 NAT 网络：客户机可以访问互联网与你的 Mac。对绝大多数场景而言，NAT 都是合适的选择。

Apple’s software licence agreement limits how many macOS virtual copies may run on a single Apple-branded host. PlainVM enforces a limit of two macOS machines per host so you stay within those terms. macOS guests also require Apple silicon. Apple 软件许可协议限制了单台 Apple 品牌宿主机上可运行的 macOS 虚拟副本数量。为符合该条款，PlainVM 将每台宿主机的 macOS 虚拟机上限设为 2 台。macOS 客户机同样仅支持 Apple 芯片。

Some Windows 11 images check for a TPM and Secure Boot, which PlainVM cannot present as real hardware. If you confirm that you want to continue, PlainVM writes installation settings that skip those checks onto a separate read-only helper image — your original Windows ISO is never modified. Note that an installation configured this way may fall outside Microsoft’s supported configurations. 部分 Windows 11 镜像会检查 TPM 与安全启动，而 PlainVM 无法像真实硬件那样提供这两项能力。在你确认继续后，PlainVM 会把跳过这些检查的安装设置写入一个独立的只读辅助镜像，你原本的 Windows ISO 不会被修改。请注意，这样安装出的系统可能不属于微软支持的配置。

Yes, if the volume is local, writable and has at least 5 GiB free — PlainVM checks the free space before every write-heavy operation. For macOS guests the check is stricter: the volume must also support sparse files, and network or read-only volumes are blocked outright. For Linux and Windows machines only the free-space check runs, so a network or non-sparse volume may appear to work but is not supported. Keep the drive connected while a machine is running. 可以，前提是该卷为本地、可写且可用空间不少于 5 GiB——每次写入型操作前 PlainVM 都会校验可用空间。macOS 客户机的要求更严格：该卷还必须支持稀疏文件，网络卷与只读卷会被直接阻止。Linux 与 Windows 虚拟机仅校验可用空间，因此网络卷或不支持稀疏文件的卷虽然看似可用，但不在支持范围内。虚拟机运行期间请保持该硬盘处于连接状态。

Stop the machine first, then use Back Up Virtual Machine… in its detail view to export a self-contained backup package that includes the referenced disks, images and bundles. To restore it — on the same Mac or another one — use Import in the machine list and select the backup package. You can also export just the configuration as JSON with Export Configuration…. 请先停止虚拟机，然后在详情页使用备份虚拟机…导出自包含的备份包，其中会包含所引用的磁盘、镜像与 bundle。恢复时（无论在同一台 Mac 还是另一台）在虚拟机列表点击导入并选择该备份包即可。你也可以用导出配置…只导出 JSON 配置。

No — and a PlainVM snapshot is narrower than you might expect. It saves the run state of a running or paused machine: memory and device state, not the contents of the virtual disk. Restoring a snapshot returns the machine to that moment of execution, but anything already written to the disk stays written. A snapshot also lives alongside the machine, so if the volume fails both are gone. Keep independent backups of anything you cannot afford to lose, and use the backup package for real archival copies. 不等于——而且 PlainVM 的快照范围比你想的更窄。它保存的是运行中或已暂停虚拟机的运行状态：内存与设备状态，不包括虚拟磁盘的内容。恢复快照会让虚拟机回到那一刻的执行现场，但已经写入磁盘的数据依然保留。快照还与虚拟机存放在一起，一旦所在卷损坏，两者都会丢失。对无法承受丢失的数据，请另行保留独立备份，真正的归档请使用备份包。

This message appears when a debugger tries to attach to the helper process that the Virtualization framework creates. It is diagnostic noise and does not normally affect the virtual machine. It generally shows up only when running the app from a debugger, not in the shipping app. 该提示出现在调试器尝试附加到 Virtualization 框架创建的子进程时，属于诊断噪声，通常不影响虚拟机运行。它一般只在从调试器运行时出现，正式发布的应用中不会遇到。

The app itself makes no network requests: no accounts, no analytics, no update pings. A guest operating system you run inside a virtual machine can of course use the network through the NAT device, according to its own settings and privacy terms. See the Privacy Policy. 应用本身不发起任何网络请求：没有账号、没有统计、也没有更新检查。当然，你在虚拟机中运行的客户机系统可以按其自身设置与隐私条款，通过 NAT 设备使用网络。详见隐私政策。

Delete your machines in the app, remove any disk images and backup packages from the folders where you saved them, then move PlainVM to the Trash. To clear its stored settings as well, delete ~/Library/Containers/net.Plainum.plainVM/. If you used the Windows unattended-installation helper, remove Keychain items with the service net.Plainum.PlainVM.WindowsUnattended. 先在应用内删除虚拟机，再到你保存的目录中删除磁盘镜像与备份包，然后把 PlainVM 移到废纸篓。如需一并清除保存的设置，请删除 ~/Library/Containers/net.Plainum.plainVM/。若使用过 Windows 自动安装辅助功能，请删除钥匙串中服务名为 net.Plainum.PlainVM.WindowsUnattended 的项目。